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This is the history of Croatia since the end of the Croatian War of Independence. == Tuđman: peacetime presidency (1995–1999) == In November 1995 the war in Croatia ended. Around 20,000 people were killed in the war, while official figures on wartime damage published in Croatia in 1996 specify 180,000 destroyed housing units, 25% of the Croatian economy destroyed, and US$27 billion of material damage. ''Europe Review 2003/04'' estimated the war damage at US$37 billion in damaged infrastructure, lost economic output, and refugee-related costs, while GDP dropped 21% in the period.〔Europe Review (2003), p. 75〕 15 percent of housing units and 2,423 cultural heritage structures, including 495 sacral structures, were destroyed or damaged. The war imposed an additional economic burden of very high military expenditures. By 1994, as Croatia rapidly developed into a de facto war economy, the military consumed as much as 60 percent of total government spending.〔Commonwealth (1999), p. 280〕 Following the end of the war, parliamentary elections were held in 1995, which resulted in a victory of the ruling Croatian Democratic Union. Zlatko Mateša became the new Prime Minister of Croatia, replacing Nikica Valentić, and formed the first peacetime government of independent Croatia. Elections for the Zagreb Assembly were held at the same time, which were won by the opposition. This led to the Zagreb crisis since the president refused to provide formal confirmation to the opposition parties proposed Mayor of Zagreb. In 1996 mass demonstrations were held in Zagreb in response to revoking broadcasting license to Radio 101, a radio station that was critical towards the ruling party.〔("Jedanaest godina nezavisnosti Radija 101" at poslovni.hr )〕 As a result of the macro-stabilization programs, the negative growth of GDP during the early 1990s stopped and turned into a positive trend. Post-war reconstruction activity provided another impetus to growth. Consumer spending and private sector investments, both of which were postponed during the war, contributed to the growth in 1995-97 and improved economic conditions.〔Istvan Benczes: (Deficit and Debt in Transition: The Political Economy of Public Finances in Central and Eastern Europe ), Central European University Press, 2014, p. 203〕 Real GDP growth in 1995 was 6,8%, in 1996 5,9% and in 1997 6,6%.〔(National Accounts Main Aggregates Database )〕 In 1995 a Ministry of Privatization was established with Ivan Penić as its first minister.〔William Bartlett: (Europe's Troubled Region: Economic Development, Institutional Reform, and Social Welfare in the Western Balkans ), Routledge, 2007, p. 18〕 Privatization in Croatia had barely begun when war broke out in 1991 and its transformation from a planned economy to a market economy was thus slow and unsteady. The ruling party was criticised for transferring enterprises to a group of privileged owners connected to the party.〔William Bartlett: (Europe's Troubled Region: Economic Development, Institutional Reform, and Social Welfare in the Western Balkans ), Routledge, 2007, p. 66〕 Croatia became a member of the Council of Europe on 6 November 1996. President of Croatia Franjo Tuđman won the 1997 presidential elections with 61.4% of the votes and was re-elected to a second five-year term. Marina Matulović-Dropulić became the Mayor of Zagreb having won the 1997 local elections, which formally ended the Zagreb crisis. The remaining part of former Republic of Serbian Krajina, areas adjacent to FR Yugoslavia, negotiated a peaceful reintegration process with the Croatian Government. The so-called Erdut Agreement made the area a temporary protectorate of the United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium. The area was formally re-integrated into Croatia on 15 January 1998. On 3 October 1998 Pope John Paul II beatified Cardinal Alojzije Stepinac. Value-added tax was introduced in 1998 and the central government budget was in surplus that year.〔OECD: (Agricultural Policies in Emerging and Transition Economies 1999 ), p. 43〕 At the end of 1998 Croatia went into a recession and GDP growth slowed down to 1,9%. The recession continued throughout 1999 when GDP fell by 0,9%.〔 Unemployment increased from around 10% in 1996 and 1997 to 11,4% in 1998. By the end of 1999 it reached 13,6%. The country emerged from the recession in the 4th quarter of 1999.〔Istvan Benczes:(Deficit and Debt in Transition: The Political Economy of Public Finances in Central and Eastern Europe ), Central European University Press, 2014, p. 207〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Croatia since 1995」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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